One of the most provocative and helpful books I have found on the nature of the Bible and how Christians may receive it and read it is Kenton L. Sparks’ book, Sacred Word, Broken Word. I will have some future posts that reflect on his proposals, but today I want to share one wonderful passage that makes a point about how Scripture “redeems itself.”
One persistent problem we face when reading the Bible is figuring out what to do with passages in the Hebrew Bible (OT) that command the Israelites to exterminate entire nations like the Canaanites. Sparks posits that such texts reflect the fallen viewpoints that ancient peoples held about their gods and what they wanted them to do to their enemies. In such cases “the Old Testament law participates in the broken state of human affairs and is thereby a vivid portrait of our need of redemption.”
Though God “adopted” the words and viewpoints of these ancient authors, it does not mean that everything they wrote reflects God’s point of view. We accept the Bible as authoritative, not because it is a perfect book that always communicates God’s thoughts. Sometimes it communicates the “finite and fallen perspectives of human authors and, thereby…the limited and fallen horizons of human cultures and audiences.”
Sparks’ point of view is in line with what Michael Spencer wrote in his classic post that Jeff recommended yesterday, “A Conversation in God’s Kitchen” —
Genesis isn’t twentieth century science. Leviticus is primitive, brutal and middle eastern. The Old Testament histories are not scholarly documentaries, but religious and tribal understandings of God and events. Proverbs comes from a mongrel wisdom tradition throughout the middle east. Song of Solomon is erotic poetry, and not much else. The prophets spoke to their own times, and not to our own. The scholars who help me understand these books as they are, are not enemies of truth, but friends. Call it criticism, paint it as hostile, but I want to know what the texts in front of me are saying!
The Old Testament and New Testament Canon are the selection of those parts of our spiritual literary heritage that make up the Great Conversation about the Judeo-Christian God. The Bible itself is a human book, created and complied by human choices. There may be other writings that contribute to the conversation, but those who know and experience the God of Jesus Christ hear the conversation most plainly in these writings. Canon is that human choice of what to listen to. Inspiration- the next section- is the validation and expounding of that choice.
The conversational model allows for a number of helpful ways of approaching scripture. For instance, it allows a variety of viewpoints on a single subject, such as the problem of evil. Job argues with Proverbs. It encourages us to hear all sides of the conversation as contributing something, and doesn’t say only one voice can be heard as right. Leviticus has something important to say that Psalms may not say. This approach sees the development of understanding as a natural part of the conversation, and isn’t disturbed when a subject appears to evolve and change over time. This model allows some parts of the conversation to be wrong, so that others can be right, and the Bible isn’t diminished as a result.
Most importantly, this model says the Bible presents a conversation that continues until God himself speaks a final Word. In other words, I do not expect this conversation to go on endlessly. It has a point. A conclusion. And in that belief, the great Biblical conversation differs from the Great Books conversation. There is not an endless spiral of philosophical and experiential speculation. There is, as Hebrews 1 says, a final Word: Jesus.
Sparks agrees and argues that in the course of this conversation later Scriptures, reflecting the progress of redemption and the brighter light of the Gospel, redeem the earlier stories by reversing “the law’s broken, violent, and dangerous elements” and pointing us to Christ and the inbreaking of God’s rule.














