
By Chaplain Mike
Today, in our Lenten series on the Apostolic Fathers, we consider a work that many think comes to us from the days of the apostles themselves: The Didache (The Teaching).
Known in ancient times as The Teaching of the Lord to the Gentiles by the Twelve Apostles, or, in shorter form, The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, this book has been dated as early as 50 AD, though most scholars tend to think it was written around 100 AD. The only manuscript we have (from 1056 AD) was discovered in 1873, though The Didache was mentioned in many ancient sources. As Michael W. Holmes notes, an early date is suggested by “the relative simplicity of the prayers, the continuing concern to differentiate Christian practice from Jewish rituals (8:1), and in particular the form of church structure—note the two fold structure of bishops and deacons (cf. Phil. 1:1) and the continuing existence of traveling apostles and prophets alongside a resident ministry.”
Scholars have observed connections between The Didache and the Gospel of Matthew, and some posit that these works may have been created in the same geographical, historical, and cultural setting. Its contents suggest a possible provenance in Syria or Palestine, and one of the main issues involved the relationship between Christian congregations and the practices of the Jewish community. Others have noted possible links with the situation in the region of Antioch and early controversies in the church regarding Gentile conversion (Acts 11-15). There are also links with the Epistle of Barnabas, which we will talk about when we discuss that work.
The Didache has been conceived as a manual of instruction for congregations that includes:
- Moral instruction (perhaps for new believers or baptismal candidates) (1-6)
- Instructions for church practices and order (7-15)
- A concluding apocalyptic exhortation (16)













