Holy Week with Duccio: The Entry into Jerusalem

duccio entrySource: Web Gallery of Art

“The scene Entry into Jerusalem is unusual because of the attention given to the landscape, which is rich in detail. The paved road, the city gate with battlements, the wall embrasures, the slender towers rising up above and the polygonal building of white marble reproduce a remarkably realistic layout, both urbanistically and architecturally. The small tree, withered and leafless, that shows behind Christ’s halo, is the fig-tree that Christ found without fruit. Florens Deuchler has suggested that the literary source is a historical work of the first century A.D., the De Bello Judaico by Flavius Josephus which was well-known in the Middle Ages. The panel by Duccio is a faithful reproduction of the description of Jerusalem in Book V.” (WGA)

“What made the Maesta so special? First, Duccio’s representation of space. Not the compact, tightly structured, cubic space we have come to associate with the work of Giotto, in which the architectural setting is invariably conceived to enhance the figural content, but a more pictorial, panoramic spatial setting incorporating a plethora of details culled from the world of everyday life, so that the event relates to the contemporary world of his viewers.” (Christiansen)

* * *

Duccio di Buoninsegna (d. 1318) is a seminal figure in Western painting. From Siena, he “attained a position of prominence in Italy surpassed only by his somewhat younger Florentine contemporary Giotto…” (Duccio and the Origins of Western Painting, Christiansen). His masterpiece, one of the great works of Western art, is the Maesta, a large altarpiece. The installation of this altarpiece was one of the most memorable events in Sienese history, an event that reveals the close connection in that age between religious and civic life.

The Maesta is a double-sided screen nearly fifteen feet tall and more than sixteen feet wide that graced the cathedral in Siena. On the front of the altarpiece is the Virgin (the city’s patroness) enthroned and surrounded by saints and angels, including four patron saints of Siena. Under the Virgin are panels depicting the early life of Christ. The impression given is that Jesus’ incarnation, birth, and childhood was marked by the motherly care of the Virgin Mary. Above the Virgin are panels depicting scenes from her last days.

The back of the altarpiece tells the Gospel story. It is made up of panels displaying the public life and ministry of Christ and scenes from the Passion and Resurrection accounts. During Holy Week this year, we will post some of these panels, with descriptions, for your viewing and contemplation.

 

Holy Week: There is Always a Day Before (iMonk Classic)

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NOTE: As we begin Holy Week, this classic Michael Spencer post from November, 2009 reminds us that each day, each week is a journey into the unknown. We never know if the cross is waiting for us this Friday. Michael wrote these words shortly before he learned that he had a terminal illness.

* * *

The news story is strange and tragic. Three college softball players go for a night time drive in the country. On an unfamiliar road, they take a wrong turn and drive into a pond…and drown.

There was a day before. A day with no thought of drowning. A day with family and friends. Perhaps with no thought of eternity, God or heaven. There was a day when every assumption was that tomorrow would be like today.

My friend Gary has been the night dean at our school for more than 20 years. His wife has been in poor health, but he has been a workhorse of health. He’s walked miles every day, eaten a vegetarian diet and always kept the rest of us lifted up with his smile and constant focus on the joy he took in his salvation.

Two weeks ago, the doctor turned to him and said leukemia. Today he stands on the crumbling edge of this earthly shadow, looking at the next world, fighting for his life with all that medicine and prayer can offer. Our prayers for him as a school community have been continuous, because we never thought there would be such a day.

There was a day before he heard “leukemia.” A day of work, chores, bills, hopes of seeing a grandchild, prayers for students, love for Suzi. Not a thought that the journey of life contained such a surprising turn for him.

And on that day, Gary was full of faith, full of a servant’s heart, ready for many more days or ready for this to be last one before whatever was around the corner.

road into fogWe all live the days before. We are living them now.

There was a day before 9-11.

There was a day before your child told you she was pregnant.

There was a day before your wife said she’d had enough.

There was a day before your employer said “lay offs.”

We are living our days before. We are living them now.

Some of us are doing, for the last time, what we think we will be doing twenty years from now.

Some of us are on the verge of a much shorter life, or a very different life, or a life turned upside down.

Some of us are preaching our last sermon, making love for the last time, saying “I love you” to our children for the last time in our own home. Some of us are spending our last day without the knowledge of eternal judgment and the reality of God. We are promising tomorrow will be different and tomorrow is not going to give us the chance, because God has a different tomorrow entirely on our schedule. We just don’t know it today.

Who am I on this day before I am compelled to be someone else? What am I living for? How am I living out the deepest expression of who I am and what I believe?

My life is an accumulation of days lived out of what I believe is true every day.

Gary lived every day with the story of Jesus nearby and the joy of the Lord a ready word to share.

When the day came that “leukemia” was the word he had to hear, he was already living a day resting in the victory of Jesus. That word, above all earthly powers, cannot be taken away. It speaks louder and more certainly the more the surprising words of providence and tragedy shout their unexpected turns into our ears.

Live each day as the day that all of the Gospel is true. Live this day and be glad in it. Live this day as the day of laying down sin and taking up the glad and good forgiveness of Jesus. Live this day determined to be useful and joyful in Jesus. Live this day in a way that, should all things change tomorrow, you will know that the Lord is your God and this is the day to be satisfied in him.

Saturday Ramblings 3.23.13

RamblerPardon me if I am a bit distracted as I ramble today, iMonks. I am celebrating Basketball Christmas as I write this. Yes Virginia (and Washington, D.C.), there is a Santa Claus, and his name is Florida Gulf Coast, my new favorite college basketball team. I love upsets, especially by teams that, before the tournament began, I didn’t even know existed. And have you seen the hideous uniforms worn by Notre Dame? It’s enough to keep me from ever converting to Catholicism. Of course, we’ll all be happy as long as someone beats Duke, right? Lace up your Chucks, iMonks. It’s time to ramble.

First up, let me once again encourage you to check out our newest sponsor, evangelicalBible.com. I was able to check out some of their wares this week, including an ESV and a NKJV Schuyler Bible. Wow. These are things of beauty. I also held in my hands the most beautiful and best-crafted Bible I have had seen: the Allan KJV Longprimer in navy blue. These are investments that you will want to hand down to your kids, and they their kids. No, they are not cheap. But oh are they good!

You know how your friends love to show off baby pictures, and you pretend to be interested so as to not disappoint them? Roving Rambler Adam Palmer showed off some baby pictures he came across this week. Pictures of the universe when it was not even half a million years old. That, in creation years, makes these pretty much newborn pics of our universe. When the universe was born, do you think God handed out cigars?

An installation service was held for an incoming religious leader this week. You may have heard about it. That’s right, there is a new Archbishop of Canterbury. We have had 266 Catholic popes. Before you click on the link, how many Anglican heads of church do you think there have been? Ok, now you can click. Did you get it right?

Continue reading “Saturday Ramblings 3.23.13”

Recommended Reading: Provocative Posts I’ve Spotted around the Web

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Tim Gombis ran a most interesting post at his blog this week, discussing a phenomenon he has observed when teaching the Bible to evangelical people in various settings. Gombis remarks that he has become puzzled, for he keeps hearing a particular comment from evangelicals when they learn something new from the Bible.

gombisWhen I began teaching evangelical undergraduates, it wasn’t long before I heard a student say, “I’ve never heard this before.”  My first response was, “I know, and there’s so much more to discover!”

But then I heard another variation: “I’ve never heard this before.  What you’re saying isn’t biblical.”

I asked for clarification.  The student responded by saying, “well, I think there’s a verse somewhere that says something like . . . ,” proceeding to blend together three different passages with the chorus of a praise song.

I figured this sort of thing was just the arrogance of youth, but it began to happen regularly.  Just about three weeks into every semester, a student would raise his or her hand and say, “I’ve never heard this stuff before.”

I began to respond by saying, “you’re welcome!  You or your parents are paying me thousands of dollars to tell you things that you don’t know.  This is what we call ‘education’ and it sounds like I’m doing my job.”

It began to dawn on me, however, that there was something about evangelical culture that was making these students assume that if something was unfamiliar, it was unbiblical.

(emphasis mine)

What surprises and disappoints Tim Gombis is that evangelicals don’t seem to have the same thrill of discovery that he developed in studying the Bible. They are hesitant about the unfamiliar. He does say these folks from evangelical churches don’t seem to be challenging him about what he is teaching. Rather, they seem genuinely bewildered about why they don’t recognize what he is teaching as “biblical.”

Is this just an anecdotal observation from a single Bible teacher, or has Tim Gombis uncovered something potentially significant here, a crack in the foundation of “Bible-believing” evangelical church life? He thinks it may be significant —  “I think this indicates that there’s something warped about how evangelicals regard the Bible.” 

I will be following his next few posts to see how he follows up on this initial observation. In the meantime, I thought his comments provocative enough to encourage a good discussion here.

Is it possible that Tim Gombis on to something here?

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CT ran a post about creation this week that made my heart sing. David Wilkinson encourages us to go beyond the constricted apologetic conflicts that have dominated the subject and move toward “recapturing the doctrine of Creation in its scriptural fullness.”

And so Wilkinson suggests, for example, that the Christian doctrine of Creation is never an abstract, academic concept. We must learn to celebrate creation as the Bible does — through a rich variety of literary and creative styles and expressions that burst forth with imaginative as well as theological depth. The author notes that these texts are also used for many different purposes in the pages of the Bible:  “to inspire worship, to encourage the weak, to call for holiness, and to offer reassurance in times of trouble.” 

We must not forget this and reduce our considerations of this vast and complex theme to opinions and positions to be advanced in culture war debates. To do so is certainly not “biblical” — that is, it does not reflect the inspired witness of Scripture that promotes awe, wonder, and endless adoration of our Creator through exploring his endlessly fascinating creation.

David Wilkinson explores a number of other ways to recapture the fullness of the Bible’s teaching about creation, including keeping Christ at the center of our thinking about creation, and looking at creation through the lens of the new creation. In this brief article, he effectively communicates a variety of ways that we can faithfully apply the theology of creation. He commends the value of worship, study, scientific vocations, benevolent care for our environment, and, most of all, pursuing a faith relationship with the personal God who has breathed life into us, his creatures.

Pope Francis

Finally, I recommend Matthew B. Redmond’s cautionary post on how certain evangelicals have greeted the new Pope with various forms of contempt. Matt’s incisive point is captured in this paragraph:

And then it landed on me this morning. The reason I was ill at ease about evangelicals making light of the papal process and then using Luther to defend it was this. Luther was taking aim at his own tradition. Not the tradition of his neighbor alone. Luther was not trying to start a new religion or denomination or sect. He was trying to reform the church already there. Luther was Roman Catholic, if you will. not Lutheran.

Therefore, Redmond suggests, if certain people want to re-fight the Reformation or be like Luther, they ought to take aim at their own traditions, not Roman Catholicism.

Here is what I think, you wanna be like Luther? Set your aim on all the silliness with evangelicalism. The legalism. The celebrity. The concerts disguised as worship. The worship disguised as concerts. The marketing ad nauseum. The legalism. The calls for radical living from pastors with iPads and iPhones who live in the suburbs with 3 bedrooms and 2 baths. Set your aim on the cover-up of sexual abuse. The legalism. Set your aim on a theology that questions everything and stands for nothing. The pastor as CEO. The pastor as rock star. The legalism.

You go, Matt. Kudos for calling out those who are sitting in their little neo-reformed bunkers and lobbing bombs at the Catholic Church and its new leader.

Frankly, I heard more wisdom in just a few lines of Pope Francis’s message at his Installation Mass than I’ve read in many pages of neo-reformed ranting. “Let us not forget that hatred, envy and pride defile our lives,” he said in his homily. “We must not be afraid of goodness or even tenderness.”

You tell me which is more Jesus-shaped.

Difficult Scriptures: The Sermon On The Mount

illustrationwrestlingI saw it coming, just like you sometimes see a car wreck coming. The preacher used the verses in Matthew’s account of Jesus’ most well-known sermon dealing with divorce to talk about marriage. He talked about strengthening our marriages and how important marriage is to God. How the family is the first institute ordained by God and how wrong divorce is. All from two verses in Matthew 5. Quite impressive.

But is that what Jesus was trying to get across? Is the Sermon on the Mount Jesus’ life principles for how we are to live in order to please God? If so, they are some very serious life principles to try to live up to. No looking at pretty women. No getting mad at a jerk. Injustice? If you get sued and they take you coat, give them your shirt, too. Enemies? Go over and above to serve them, and don’t forget to include them in your prayers. And then to top it all off, if you want to make it to heaven, your righteousness has to be greater than the most righteous people on earth. And once you’re done with that, there’s one more thing. Be perfect.

Is Jesus really telling us to roll up our spiritual sleeves and get with it? I don’t think so. Jesus is a shepherd, and he is herding his flock with his staff of words. And his words—be perfect, for example—are directing us to his destination: the narrow gate. He leads us to the point where we see we have nothing, absolutely nothing, with which to get us through a gate any larger than a cross will fit through.

So, what is the purpose of the Sermon on the Mount? Are we to take life lessons and apply them so we can try for the “better righteousness”? Or is Jesus setting impossible standards so we can see that we have to rely solely on his righteousness? Or is there something else I’m missing?

Ok iMonks, you know the drill. Wrestle this out. But no eye gouging, and no biting.

A Brief Allegory Of The Communion Of Saints

slide-5-communion-of-saintsFrom time to time on Internet Monk a commenter will express discomfort with the Orthodox and Catholic tradition of acknowledging the communion of saints.  Someone will object to “praying to Mary” or “worshipping saints.”  Let me offer a parable in response.

Imagine a young woman who meets and falls in love with a man – Let’s call him Josh.  They meet away from each other’s homes, perhaps at work or at college.  When they get engaged, Josh invites her home to get to know his family.

She’s nervous, of course.  Josh is a wonderful guy – far better than she deserves, she thinks.  She’s amazed that he picked her out of all the girls in the world.  Her chief concern everywhere they go is to show Josh how much she loves him and is faithful to him alone.

They pull up to his family’s house.  A surprising number of people are silhouetted against the windows, and the front and back yards are full of clusters of conversationalists.  As they get out of the car, she can hear people young and old talking about other times, other places; about science, and philosophy, and humor.  She feels slightly intimidated and grabs hold of Josh’s hand.  He smiles at her and brings her in to meet his mother and siblings.

Continue reading “A Brief Allegory Of The Communion Of Saints”

Swimming The Tiber, Or Just Taking A Quick Dip?

tiber-diver-AFPThere is an understandable lovefest surrounding the new pope, and not only from Catholics. Anglicans, Orthodox, and evangelical leaders are all praising the new servant of the servants of God. Jewish rabbis are looking forward to stronger relations with the Vatican because of Francis. Even Baptists are cautiously optimistic that this new pope will prove to be the actual anti-Christ so the rapture can occur and none of them will be left behind. (Kidding, I’m kidding. Kind of.)

I have made it clear that I am an evangelical. Have been for nearly 40 years, all of the time I’ve walked with the Lord. I came to faith in an American Baptist church in southwest Ohio where I was taught that anyone who went to any other Protestant church might be a Christian, but barely if that. And that no Catholic could be a Christian. Ever. For any reason. Catholics worshipped dead people and put the pope above Scripture and even above Jesus. I was told that Catholicism was a cult, just like Mormons or Jehovah Witnesses. For years during testimony time I heard the phrase “I used to be a Catholic, then I got saved and became a Christian.”

Lately, however, I have been feeling a tug to look more closely at the Catholic Church. Maybe it is just to have a better understanding of Catholicism. Maybe to purge some of my earlier anti-Catholic teachings. Maybe, just maybe, because I feel my time as an evangelical may come to an end. I don’t know. In any case, I want to spend some time this morning, and again this afternoon, looking at several books I’ve been browsing lately regarding the Church past and present. These are not meant as in-depth book reviews, merely as jumping off places for discussion.

Where I would really like to start is at the feet of Martha of Ireland, our resident Catholic scholar. I would gladly travel to Ireland and search for her hiding place. Then I would soak up her knowledge of the history of the Church, as well as her insights into where it is headed. Unfortunately, time and money don’t permit an Irish adventure just now. So I have had to settle for some book learnin’.

Continue reading “Swimming The Tiber, Or Just Taking A Quick Dip?”

Quitting Christians

jesus with woman at the wellI am going to stand in for Chaplain Mike for a few days as he takes a well-deserved breather. I have some observations and questions regarding Catholicism I want to lay out before you the next few days. I thought now, with the installation of Pope Francis, was as good a time as any. But this morning I want to get something off of my chest. I’ve touched on this before, but now I want to explore it much more fully. This is an emotional issue for me, though I will try to keep my emotions in check so this doesn’t just turn into a longwinded rant.

I am through looking to Christians for love.

I’m not talking about romantic love. I’m not trying come up with the name of the best Christian dating service. My wife would probably have a thing or ten to say about that. No, I’m talking about something much deeper than romantic love, which can vary with the wind. I’m referring to love that causes one to care for another in a giving, unselfish manner. And rather than reinvent the wheel, let’s just go with Gary Chapman’s “love languages”: gift giving, time spent, encouraging words, acts of service, and physical touch. You might be able to come up with other ways to describe love, but these will do for now.

And, just for fun, let’s revisit the words of Jesus to his disciples on the eve of his crucifixion.

My command is this: Love each other as I have loved you.  Greater love has no one than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends.  You are my friends if you do what I command.  This is my command: Love each other. (John 15: 12, 13, 17, NIV)

Love each other. This is my command: Love each other. Not a suggestion, not a helpful thought. A command.

Now then.

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Money and Power: The Elephant in James MacDonald’s Room

james-macdonald

NOTE: Thanks to Ryan Mahoney and Scott Bryant for this look at one of the prominent scandals in evangelicalism in recent days. James MacDonald graduated from Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in 1988, the same year I did. That year he founded Harvest Bible Chapel in Rolling Meadows, IL. He is also known from his radio and writing ministry, Walk in the Word. Harvest Bible Fellowship is his church planting ministry. MacDonald is part of the neo-reformed movement, and was a member of The Gospel Coalition, but he resigned in Jan. 2012 over controversy regarding his conference known as “The Elephant Room.”

For further reading, check out Ryan and Scott’s blogs, The Elephant’s Debt, and Blood Stained Ink.

* * *

In October 2012, a new website entitled The Elephant’s Debt (TED) was released to the general public.  This site, which was primarily focused upon issues related to money and power struggles at Harvest Bible Chapel (a megachurch located in the western suburbs of Chicago, Illinois), is authored by Ryan Mahoney and Scott Bryant, both of whom were former, long-term congregants within the Harvest system.

What you are about to read is a summary provided by these two men, attempting to assess the issues at Harvest within the context of a larger, evangelical crisis that is looming just over the horizon.

In the spring of 2010, we became aware of several character issues pertaining to our Senior Pastor, James MacDonald.  While these issues were not yet significant enough (in our minds) to raise questions pertaining to MacDonald’s suitability to fulfill the role of elder within a local church, they were sufficient enough for us to remove our families from the church.   To be clear, our initial concerns were primarily related to: (1) stories surrounding the way he treated staff members, (2) his shift towards eisegeting himself into the biblical text that he was preaching, and (3) what appeared to be a grab for power amidst a reorganization of the elder board structure.

The next step in our journey towards authoring The Elephant’s Debt arrived when MacDonald infamously mishandled a conversation with T.D. Jakes at the “Elephant Room 2” (ER2) in January 2012.  In the aftermath of that theological debacle, we each wrote a blog post on our respective websites pertaining to the importance of Trinitarianism and the dangers of the Prosperity Gospel.  More specifically, we talked about MacDonald’s mishandling of Jake’s modalistic responses at ER2 and MacDonald’s failure to even address the question of the Prosperity Gospel.

Interestingly enough, the response to these blog posts was enormous.  As the comments continued to pour in, we both began to receive communication from former and current HBC insiders, suggesting that our concerns should run much, much deeper.  And thus began our inquiry into this matter.

From February 2012 until October 2012, we conducted numerous interviews and acquired significant documentation  pertaining to the growing problems at Harvest Bible Chapel.  What was clear to us in those early days was that all the stories that we were hearing centered around a troubling and disqualifying lack of character in James MacDonald.

For those that have not read The Elephant’s Debt and are thus unaware of the circumstances surrounding Harvest Bible Chapel, please allow us to summarize in brief.

  • At the time of publication, we informed our readers that HBC was approximately $65 million dollars in debt.
  • Additionally, we reported that James MacDonald was earning in excess of $600,000 in annual compensation from the church and its related ministries.  This figure did not include compensation received from other likely sources of income such as: book royalties, conference fees, etc.
  • Thirdly, we reported that MacDonald had admitted to a group of Harvest Fellowship pastors that he operated in such a way that he retained 50% of the power within the church, leaving the remaining of power to be divided equally among the suddenly swollen elder board, which had grown from approximately eight men to over 30.
  • We then discussed the recent $30 million dollar capital campaign in which MacDonald informed his congregation that he personally knew how much money God wanted them to sacrificially give to the campaign.
  • Finally, to illustrate our point that we were not alone in our concerns pertaining to MacDonald, we listed a group of former elders and pastors, all of whom left the church for their own reasons and concerns regarding Harvest Bible Chapel and its direction.

Continue reading “Money and Power: The Elephant in James MacDonald’s Room”